Skip to main content
BeginnerStrong EvidenceExercise

Zone 2 Cardio Training

Low-intensity aerobic exercise to build mitochondrial density and metabolic flexibility.

By Peter Attia

Overview

Zone 2 training is a cornerstone of Peter Attia's exercise philosophy. It involves maintaining a heart rate at 60-70% of maximum, where you can still hold a conversation but feel you're working. This intensity optimizes fat oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis without excessive stress on the body.

How to Follow This Protocol

  1. Step 1: Calculate Your Zone 2 Heart Rate

    Estimate your maximum heart rate (220 - age) and calculate 60-70% of that number. For a 40-year-old: max HR = 180, Zone 2 = 108-126 bpm.

    5 minutes
  2. Step 2: Choose Your Activity

    Select a steady-state cardio activity: cycling, walking on an incline, rowing, or swimming. Avoid activities with high variability like team sports.

    Note: Cycling and incline walking are easiest to maintain steady HR
  3. Step 3: Perform 45-60 Minute Sessions

    Maintain your Zone 2 heart rate for the entire session. You should be able to hold a conversation but feel like you're working.

    45-60 minutes
  4. Step 4: Train 3-4 Times Per Week

    Consistency is key. Aim for at least 3 hours of Zone 2 training per week, ideally 4 hours spread across 3-4 sessions.

    Note: Can be combined with 1-2 high-intensity sessions weekly

Benefits

  • Improved mitochondrial function
  • Enhanced fat oxidation
  • Better metabolic flexibility
  • Reduced cardiovascular disease risk
  • Sustainable long-term fitness

Risks & Considerations

  • Overtraining if combined with too much high-intensity work
  • Potential boredom from low intensity

Contraindications

Do not follow this protocol if any of the following apply:

  • Uncontrolled cardiovascular conditions
  • Recent surgery or injury

Medical Disclaimer

Disclaimer: This protocol is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before starting any new health protocol, especially if you have existing health conditions or take medications.